Year 10
Geographies of Human Wellbeing
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INTRODUCTION
This guide has been created to support the Year 10 HASS “Geographies of Human Wellbeing” task.
The focus of this task is to investigate the various impacts that the arrival of Afghanistan refugees has had on at least one host country.
Created by: Ms Bright | Last updated: October 23, 2021 | Click HERE to email Ms Bright if you have any queries.
Obrien, P. (2021). Afghan Refugees [Video]. France 24. https://clickv.ie/w/hA7r
Afghan Refugee Crisis – The background
CURRENT CRISIS
Bouscaren, G. (2021, September 20). His Family Fled Afghanistan. In Turkey, Other Afghans Help Them Build A New Life. NPR. https://www.npr.org/2021/09/20/1035455391/afghanistan-refugees-flee-taliban-turkey
Last month, the United States airlifted more than 122,000 people from Kabul as the Taliban took control of Afghanistan. Thousands more fled on foot, across the borders of Pakistan and Iran. Smaller numbers of Afghans have ventured into Turkey in hopes of reaching Europe. In response, Turkish authorities began extending a wall and beefed up patrols along the country’s land border with Iran, a common route for asylum-seekers. More than 40,000 Afghans have been prevented from entering the country so far this year, officials say.
Fast-moving Afghanistan crisis ‘has hallmarks of humanitarian catastrophe’ (2021, August 13). UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/08/1097742
80 per cent of nearly 250,0000 Afghans forced to flee since the end of May are women and children.
10 maps to understand Afghanistan. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/8/12/10-maps-to-understand-afghanistan-interactive
Al Jazeera visualises Afghanistan – a mostly mountainous country of 38 million people – which has suffered decades of war.
Koser, K., & Murphy, K. (2021, September 3). What the world can do to solve the Afghan refugee crisis. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/09/what-the-world-can-do-to-solve-the-afghan-refugee-crisis/
The evacuation of foreign citizens and Afghan allies from Kabul has been done under a tight deadline and the risk of terrorist attacks. Since August 14, 2021, about 120,000 people have been evacuated by countries around the world.
Amnesty International. (2021, October). Like an Obstacle Course: Few Routes to Safety for Afghans Trying to Flee Their Country. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ASA1148322021ENGLISH.pdf
Six weeks after the end of the Kabul airlift, what options are left open to those Afghans trying to flee the country, including thousands who are at risk of reprisal? This briefing provides information on the situation and challenges Afghans may find in 27 countries around the world. The picture emerging is bleak.
Vice News. (2021, April 26). The Reality of the US Withdrawal From Afghanistan [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/7q5a5sjyxQs
Al Jazeera English. (2021, August 18). How the Taliban took over Afghanistan. Again. [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/SiDbX1CZCac
PREVIOUS CRISES
Mason, H. (2017). A Refugee’s Journey From Afghanistan. Crabtree Publishing Company.
Sonita was born in a refugee camp in Pakistan after her family fled Afghanistan during the war in the early 2000s. Unwelcome in Pakistan, her family returns to Afghanistan, where Sonita and her family face new challenges. Interspersed with facts about Afghanistan and its people, this narrative tells a story common to many refugees fleeing the country. Readers will learn about the decades of conflict in Afghanistan and how they can help refugees in their communities and around the world who are struggling to find permanent homes.
Afghanistan’s refugees: forty years of dispossession. (2019, June 20). Amnesty International. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/afghanistan-refugees-forty-years/
Forty years ago, Afghans began fleeing the violence in their country and seeking refuge across nearby borders. More than 400,000 people fled the violence of the Communist-led Taraki and Amin government, crossing over into Pakistan. The numbers progressively swelled after the Soviet invasion on Christmas Eve in 1979. By the end of 1980, there were more than four million Afghan refugees in Pakistan. Over the next four years, that number grew further still, with more than five million refugees in Pakistan and Iran.
Al Jazeera. (2017, May 31). Afghanistan: Asylum Denied [Video]. 101 East. https://clickv.ie/w/VD7r
With the war intensifying in Afghanistan, hundreds of thousands of people are fleeing to Europe in the biggest influx of migrants seen there since World War II. Faced with increasing opposition to immigration, the EU has drafted a plan to deport 80,000 Afghan asylum seekers back to their country.
Afghan Refugees – Where are they going?
Source: Al Jazeera
Source: Statista
Afghanistan: How many refugees are there and where will they go? (2021, August). BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-58283177
Thousands of people are scrambling to flee Afghanistan after the Taliban seized back control of the country, almost two decades after they were ousted by a US-led coalition.
Sajjad, T. (2021, August 23). Where do Afghanistan’s refugees go? The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/where-do-afghanistans-refugees-go-166316
HOST COUNTRIES *
* These pages are under construction
Iran
Germany
Iran
Italy
Pakistan
Greece
Sweden
Turkey
General resources about refugees
WHO IS A REFUGEE?
TED Ed. (2016, June 16). What does it mean to be a refugee? [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/25bwiSikRsI
Who is a refugee?
A refugee is a person who has fled their own country because they are at risk of serious human rights violations and persecution there. The risks to their safety and life were so great that they felt they had no choice but to leave and seek safety outside their country because their own government cannot or will not protect them from those dangers. Refugees have a right to international protection.
Amnesty International. (n.d.). Refugees, asylum seekers and migrants. https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/refugees-asylum-seekers-and-migrants/
Reid, K. (2021). What is a refugee? https://www.worldvision.org/refugees-news-stories/what-is-a-refugee-facts
Explore frequently asked questions about refugee crises
UNHCR. (2021). Facts about refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/neu/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2021/08/10-facts-about-refugees-2021-ENG_Vi2.pdf
Refugees, asylum-seekers and global displacement have in recent years become a hot topic in the political and public debate. Nevertheless, the topic is surrounded by myths and, too often, lack of facts. UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, provides you with 10 important facts on refugees – for a fact-based discussion.
UNHCR. (n.d.). What is a refugee? https://www.unrefugees.org/refugee-facts/what-is-a-refugee/
Learn some basic refugee facts.
IMPACT OF REFUGEES
Bahar, D. (2018). Why accepting refugees is a win-win-win formula. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/up-front/2018/06/19/refugees-are-a-win-win-win-formula-for-economic-development/
… accepting, protecting, and empowering refugees is a win-win-win formula: for the refugees themselves, for the country of destination, and for the country of origin.
Morillas, P., Sánchez-Montijano, E., & Soler, E. (2015). Europe and the refugee crisis: 10 side-effects. https://www.cidob.org/en/publications/publication_series/monographs/monographs/
europe_and_the_refugee_crisis_10_side_effects
Shellito, K. (2016). The economic effect of refugee crisis on host countries and implications for the Lebanese case. https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=joseph_wharton_scholars
Smith, A. (2016). The socio-economic impact of the recent migrants to Europe. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 5(4). http://www.ajhtl.com/uploads/7/1/6/3/7163688/article_1_vol_5__4_.pdf
Swanson, A. (2015, September 11). The big myth about refugees. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/09/10/the-big-myth-about-refugees/