The Disease

Disease cycle of crown gall disease [Image]. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Disease-cycle-of-crown-gall-disease-Adapted-and-redrawn-after-Agrios-1988_fig1_324154694

Fahy, P. (2012). Crown gall of plants. Retrieved from https://www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/agriculture/horticulture/pests-diseases-hort/information-for-multiple-crops/crown-gall-of-plants.

Fichtner, E.J. (2018). Crown gall on walnuts: assessing origin of infection, disease management and prevention. Retrieved from http://www.ucanr.org/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=28927

Gauthier, N.W., & Embrey, D. (2018). Crown gall. Retrieved from https://plantpathology.ca.uky.edu/files/ppfs-gen-01.pdf

Koetter, R., & Grabowski, M. (2019). Crown gall. Retrieved from https://extension.umn.edu/plant-diseases/crown-gall

The Royal Horticultural Society. (n.d.). Crown gall. Retrieved from https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/Profile?pid=141

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Management Strategies

ABC. (2016). Getting rid of crown gall [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/ockhamsrazor/getting-rid-of-crown-gall/7305242

BeckerUnderwoodAUS. (2012, June 26). Nogall – preventative treatment of crown gall disease [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/LvbZHIvF2vQ

Flournoy, B. (2018). How does alcohol kill bacteria?. Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/alcohol-kill-bacteria-5462404.html

This article explains how alcohol actually kill bacteria which is one of the management strategies for controlling crown gall.

globalhygienecouncil. (2012, May 8). How disinfectantscan help to remove harmful germs from your home [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/iwj06BlXxVA

This video explains how disinfectants actually kill bacteria which is one of the management strategies for controlling crown gall.

Missouri Botanical Garden. (n.d.). Crown galls. Retrieved from https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/diseases/bacterial-galls/crown-galls.aspx

Iowa State University. (2018). Crown gall. Retrieved from https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/crown-gall

Museum of Applied Arts. (n.d.). Nogall pest control. Retrieved from http://archive.maas.museum/australia_innovates/indexff4b.html?behaviour=view_article&Section_id=1000&article_id=10013

This page provides information about an Australian invention to control crown gall.

Putnam, M.L., & Miller, M. (n.d.). Is it crown gall or leafy gall? Retrieved from https://bpp.oregonstate.edu/sites/agscid7/files/bpp/attachments/is_it_crown_gall_or_leafy_gall_for_web.pdf

This has a good section at the end of the article on management strategies.

University of Würzburg. (2016, August 11). Crown gall disease: A tumor home to a varied bacterial community. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160811101140.htm

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Estimating population size

Baxter, J. (2014). Vegetation sampling using the quadrat method. Retrieved from https://www.csus.edu/indiv/b/baxterj/bio%20221b/vegetation%20sampling%20quadrat.pdf

BBC. (n.d.). Field investigations. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z8s2v9q/revision/1

Field Studies Council. (2016). Sampling methods. Retrieved from https://www.biology-fieldwork.org/a-level/fieldwork-techniques/introduction-to-sampling/sampling-methods/

Freesciencelessons. (2018, May 2). Sampling organisms [Video file]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/RdpvRwOzS0g

Preston Lodge High School. (n.d.). Sampling techniques. Retrieved from http://nat5biopl.edubuzz.org/unit-3-life-on-earth/3-sampling-techniques

University of Würzburg. (2016, August 11). Crown gall disease: A tumor home to a varied bacterial community. ScienceDaily. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160811101140.htm